In the current review we will present all current information from diagnosis to treatment. Surgical procedures are required in selective patients for drainage or pulmonary resection. Pulmonary physiotherapy and postural drainage are also important. Broad spectrum antibiotic to cover mixed flora is the mainstay of treatment. There are several imaging techniques which can identify the material inside the thorax such as computerized tomography (CT) scan of the thorax and ultrasound of the thorax. Lung abscess is considered primary (60%) when it results from existing lung parenchymal process and is termed secondary when it complicates another process, e.g., vascular emboli or follows rupture of extrapulmonary abscess into lung. Moreover, alcoholism is the most common condition predisposing to lung abscesses. It can be caused by aspiration, which may occur during altered consciousness and it usually causes a pus-filled cavity. Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm) containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection.
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